Essay on Prayer in Public Schools - 1051 Words

Prayer in Public Schools An issue that has been constantly debated for years is whether voluntary prayer in public schools should be permitted. A student should be allowed to pray voluntarily at the beginning of each school day based on many reasons. Prayer based on moral beliefs reinforce good citizenship as defined by our forefathers. A daily reminder of a need for the belief of good over evil is a necessary part of this society. Daily voluntary school prayer should be re-instated in public schools due to three reasons, the historical basis of the beginning of the United States government, the serious moral decline since prayer has been outlawed, and the government infringement on the constitutional guarantee of individual freedom†¦show more content†¦Another reason for reinstating volunteer prayer in public schools comes from the fact that since prayer has been prohibited in public schools, the morality of the nation has declined. Since the Supreme Court outlawed prayer in public schools in 1960, the nation has seen a steady moral decline. There is a strong correlation between the expulsion of prayer in public schools and moral decline. Between the years of 1960 and 1990, the divorce rate has more than doubled, teenage pregnancy and teenage suicide has increased 250%. Child abuse is now at an all time high and since the end of school prayer, abortions have gone up more than 1000%. Universal principles of a civilized society are mandated by the Bible and re-enforce by prayer. In the words of Ben Franklin, ? When we were subject to danger from the war with Great Britain, we met daily in this room to pray for Divine protection. Our prayers, Sir, were heard and graciously answeredHave we now forgotten our powerful Friend? Do we no longer need his assistance The coming together to pray daily provide support, re-enforcement and fellowship to keep minds focused on good instead of evil. Many psychological studies have found that people who pray daily have spiritual faith in goodnes s as presented in Christianity suffer less depression and are less likely to commit suicide. Parents teach their children morals at home. These lessons of right andShow MoreRelatedThe Prayer On Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesFor much of the 20th Century and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions in American government and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and theRead MorePrayer in Public Schools656 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States was built on prayer. Prayer or religion is on our currency in the many halls of our justice and federal buildings so no matter where we go, we cannot escape prayer. Our founding fath ers did not exclude the bible in building our nation and educating our future and there will be no expectation. No matter what there will be prayer no matter where you are. Some people just don’t believe in God that’s why some don’t want prayer in public school. Though each of the clauses are originallyRead MorePrayer in the Public Schools1111 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in the Public Schools Diana Brown Everest Online Composition 1-226 ABSTRACT This essay is composed of facts supporting that prayer in Public Schools would be beneficial for the children and the United States of America. Prayer is an address to God or a god in word or thoughts. The Anti- Defamation League states that, â€Å"A moment of silence will inevitably be unconstitutional or the purpose and effect of such moments of silence are invariably to advance religion. The U.S. Supreme CourtRead MorePrayer in Public Schools894 Words   |  4 Pages Should prayer be allowed in public schools? This is a question with a highly controversial answer. There are many different angles to this question with varying ideas and opinions that never seem to agree with one another. The issue of prayer in public schools has, and will continue to be, at the center of many controversial debates. Just consider the fact that public educational system in United States is a secular or non-religious one that is quick to shut down any religious actions. This isRead MorePrayer On Public Schools : The Public School System1032 Words   |  5 PagesAllow Prayer in Public Schools The public school system should allow students, all across the United States of America, to express themselves freely whenever they would like. Most Americans support the idea of allowing students to pray during school. In the year 2001, 66% of Americans voted that they favor the idea of prayer during school; however, 34% opposed the idea of praying during school. In the year 2014, 61% of Americans voted that they support the idea of praying during school; howeverRead MoreThe Prayer Of A Public School768 Words   |  4 PagesMany people in Southern Missouri believe that we need to have more religion in schools. â€Å"Keep Christ in Christmas,† â€Å"One nation under God,† and post the Ten Commandments on every wall in public buildings. This is an easy rallying cry because most people in rural Southwest Missouri share the same Christian beliefs. There is a place for these types of soapboxes. That place is called church. Schools are designed to prepare students for the college and career. Churches are designed to prepare congregationsRead More No Prayer in Public Schools Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesNo Prayer in Public Schools Chapter three of Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints inspired me to research today’s issues of school prayer. To understand how we got to where we are today, I first delved into our countries history of court cases pertaining to rulings on prayer in schools. Lastly, to update my audience on how our lives are being affected today, I directed my efforts toward finding current situations. By analyzing these situations, I gained knowledge for a better understanding ofRead MorePrayer in Public Schools Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagestype of school students attend, organized prayer is mandatory, allowed, or banned. In the United States, organized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and limitation of that liberty. However, American citizens have been debating for many years, whether organized prayer should be an option or obligation in public schools. Some peopleRead More Prayer in Public School Essay3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthere is a way to express ones deepest thoughts and feelings--prayer. Prayer is something that most people due naturally. Whether it is in the morning before you start your day, before a meal, before you go to sleep, or when you just feel the need to express your feelings, prayer is always there. Religious faiths believe that this is central to human life. Even those who are not religious pray. Prayer affects the material universe. Prayer can be defined as an earnest request; a humble entreaty addressedRead More No Prayer in the Public Schools Essay3232 Words   |  13 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the past three decades, the issue of the role of prayer in the public school system has become increasingly controversial. The current debate juggles the opposing interpretations of the exact intentions of Americas Founders, who came from an other country, England, in pursuite of expanded freedoms. The first colonists in the 17th century especially desired religious freedom, because their former British government forced them all to learn and practice a centralized religion. Consequently

Construction Tunnel And Underground Works -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Construction Tunnel And Underground Works? Answer: Introducation Project management refers to the structured process of planning, organising and controlling varied activities associated with the project. The present report is based on case study of the DIY outlet which is planning to expand by adding six new outlets in the coming three years. In this regard, project plan has been prepared to focus upon the requirement related to completion of the project in the successful manner (Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method, 2017). Furthermore, the risk associated with the project has also been explained along with appropriate solution applied for the same. In addition to this, a framework agreement to select the franchise party has been explained. Which parties the franchise should enter into framework agreements with, in order to achieve the key objectives on all locations and builds. Explain which parties would be independently selected to suit each location In order to enter into the framework agreement for franchise party, project management will look over the key objectives. The first objective for the DIY is to reinforce the franchise brand image with the help of physical appearance of the outlet. For this purpose, marketing agent is hired so that physical appearance can be improved to a great extent. On the other hand, finance advisor will be hired who aids to meet the objectives related to the good stakeholders management and budget control. This would be effective for an organization to integrate all stakeholders and influence them to cooperate in the development and growth of the DIY (Besner Hobbs, 2008). However, risk identification related to franchise will be handled at the end of project manager only. It leads to address the risk by taking the corrective actions and supporting management in determining the successful completion of the project. In addition to this, construction firm would be hired to increase the turnover as fast as possible (Jacobs, Chase Lummus, 2011). The mentioned parties would be selected independently to suit each location. For example, marketing agent of London is hired for one outlet of the DIY whereas finance advisor for the respective location will be hired who can deal with stakeholder management and budget strong related activities. Apart from this, one project manager would handle risk associated with each project by maintaining clear communication with all related parties (Kerzner, 2013). However, the location would be considered at the time of selection of parties through which it becomes easy to reduce overall risk associated with the project. Moreover, a team of architecture from each location of six DIY outlets is selected so that stores can be opened without major issues in the process. Therefore, franchise parties are selected as per the requirement and key objectives of the project. This proves to be effective in utilizing the limited resources in the right manner and meeting the expectations of all related stake holders (Larson Gray, 2013). Thus, all the parties should be considered for the framework agreement. This leads to achieve the long as well as short-term objectives of the business and start its operation in short time span. Explain the proposed procurement method you will be using for this development, including a communications flow chart There are different procurement methods used under the project management which facilitates corporation to handle the respective task and start the operation of the business in relatively less time span. These methods consist of open tendering, request for quotations and single-source. The open tendering assists corporation to advertise locally by selecting the suitable franchise. Further, time and resources should be employed in order to get the advantage of the open tendering method (Meredith Mantel Jr, 2011). On a critical note, the complexity of the supply chain might affect the operation or performance of the six outlets of DIY. For this purpose, restricted tendering can be used in which suppliers supply the required material for the respective outlet of DIY. It is also known as the selected tendering in which suppliers follow the certain guidelines to supply the quality products and services (Turner, 2008). On the other hand, request for quotations is another method in which s elected material can be ordered by the business. It would be effective for a corporation to get the desired material in order to start six DIY outlets. At last, single-source is another method whereby situation related to the emergency can be handled. The communication flow chart The below-mentioned flowchart has been referred by taking into account the primary and secondary. For this purpose, primary stakeholders such as management, shareholders and employees who are actually involved with the project are considered. This communication flow chart assists management of DIY to construct the similar kind of outlets at each location. In this regard, project management should have information related to resources requirement, timeline and design of the layout (Ward Chapman, 2003). Owing to this, regular communication is necessary which is made possible by using several modes of communication such as Email and mobile phone etc. On the other hand, meetings are conducted between the project staff and manager along with other related staff of the project. At this juncture, all the information is passed to the manager who can effectively guide staff members and ensure the design all the stores in the same manner (Chapman Ward, 2003). Risk register Table 1: Risk Register Sr. No. Risks Likelihood (Low, High, Moderate) Impact Mitigating actions Contingent action 1 Shortage of fund Low It would help management to accomplish the work on the time In case fund is low then loan can be taken Loan will be taken on high-interest rate 2 Poorly skilled employees Moderate Standard criteria would not be met Training or meeting Skilled employees are hired which incur additional cost. 3 Resources unavailability High Obstruct overall performance of the project Cost is incurred to avail the resources Cost resources will be acquired from the main project 4 Delay in the project High Profitability of the DIY will go down as outlet will be opened late Additional human resources will be employed to reduce the time taken for the completion of the project Skilled personnel are hired on higher cost 5 Poor performance of the project Moderate There remains gap between actual and expected outcome of the project Low profitability Training and development activities are focused. Completing a programme of works at the appropriate level According to the analysis of the overall case, it has been found that six outlets of DIY consist of several types of risks and huge time are needed for the completion of the overall project. For this purpose, critical path method and Gantt chart have been applied (Stevenson Hojati, 2007). The Gantt chart consists of several activities associated with the project so that project manager can accordingly divide the task among all the staff. It would be effective to allocate the resources and time for each activity involved in the project (Raz Michael, 2001). The application of critical path method facilitates to reduce overall time taken in the project. S Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 1 Project 152 wks Tue 10-10-17 Mon 07-09-20 1.1 Phase one- Resources content 24 wks Tue 10-10-17 Mon 26-03-18 1.1.1 Specifying the requirement 2 mons Tue 10-10-17 Mon 04-12-17 1.1.2 Setting the objectives 1 mon Tue 05-12-17 Mon 01-01-18 3 1.1.3 Arranging necessary resources 1 mon Tue 02-01-18 Mon 29-01-18 3,4 1.1.4 Deciding the location 1 mon Tue 30-01-18 Mon 26-02-18 5 1.1.5 Deciding the budget 1 mon Tue 27-02-18 Mon 26-03-18 6 1.2 Phase two-Developing design 32 wks Tue 27-02-18 Mon 08-10-18 1.2.1 Assessing the requirement of each store 1 mon Tue 27-02-18 Mon 26-03-18 5,6 1.2.2 Preparing the layout of design 1 mon Tue 27-03-18 Mon 23-04-18 9 1.2.3 Listing out the potential requirement 2 mons Tue 24-04-18 Mon 18-06-18 7,10 1.2.4 Writing the outcome of the project 1 mon Tue 19-06-18 Mon 16-07-18 11 1.2.5 Allocating the resources 2 mons Tue 17-07-18 Mon 10-09-18 12 1.2.6 Preparing the communication plan 1 mon Tue 11-09-18 Mon 08-10-18 12,13 1.3 Phase three-Building consent 100 wks Tue 09-10-18 Mon 07-09-20 1.3.1 Starting the construction 6 mons Tue 09-10-18 Mon 25-03-19 14 1.3.2 Assigning work to all parties 5 mons Tue 09-10-18 Mon 25-02-19 13,14 1.3.3 Reviewing the performance 9 mons Tue 26-03-19 Mon 02-12-19 16 1.3.4 Modification 5 mons Tue 03-12-19 Mon 20-04-20 17,18 1.3.5 Execution 5 mons Tue 21-04-20 Mon 07-09-20 19 The below mentioned gantt chart is showing all the activities covers under the project. It reflects that project will be started from the month of September and last till 2020 September. However, application of critical path method reduced overall time and resources to a great exent. The critical path method is showing that activities covers under the project are as follow =1+2+3+4+5+6+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+18+19+20=104 weeks. This is because activity 7 and 17 are completed simultaneously with other project activities. It proves to be effective in saving the resources of DIY project. Conclusion The aforementioned report concludes that project management techniques help companies to reduce the time consumed in the project. It would be effective for business to integrate all the resources and complete the expansion project. It can also be concluded that risk associated with the project can be reduced with the application of suitable techniques such as critical path method. The management of project should access the cost-effective supply chain management so as to get the resources at lower cost. At the same time, staff associated with the project should be skilled and competent who can effectively accomplish the given targets on right time. Moreover, technological innovation can be applied in the process of the project whereby a manager can easily track all the activities. In addition to this, training initiatives should be taken to enhance the skills and knowledge of personnel so they can work with integrity. References Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method. (2017) [Online]. Available at: https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/60960-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-critical-path-method/ [Accessed on 10th October 2017]. Besner, C., Hobbs, B. (2008). Project management practice, generic or contextual: A reality check.Project Management Journal,39(1), pp.16-33. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B., Lummus, R.R. (2011).Operations and supply chain management(Vol. 567). McGraw-Hill Irwin. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W., Gray, C. (2013).Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Meredith, J.R., Mantel Jr, S.J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Turner, J.R. (2008).Handbook of project-based management. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Ward, S., Chapman, C. (2003). Transforming project risk management into project uncertainty management.International journal of project management,21(2), 97-105. Stevenson, W. J., Hojati, M. (2007).Operations management(Vol. 8). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chapman, C., Ward, S. (2003).Project risk management: processes, techniques, and insights. Wiley. Raz, T., Michael, E. (2001). Use and benefits of tools for project risk management.International journal of project management,19(1), 9-17. Hongwei, H. U. A. N. G. (2006). State of the art of the research on risk management in construction of tunnel and underground works.Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2(1), 13-20. Lyons, T., Skitmore, M. (2004). Project risk management in the Queensland engineering construction industry: a survey.International journal of project management,22(1), 51-61. Cleland, D. L., Ireland, L. R. (2006).Project management. McGraw-Hill Professional. Communications Management Plan, (2017). [Online]. Available through: https://www.projectmanagementdocs.com/project-planning-templates/communications-management-plan.html#axzz4v6GOct4g. [Accessed on 10th October 2017].

The Single Best Approach You Should Be Using for Premium Report Writing Service

The Single Best Approach You Should Be Using for Premium Report Writing Service The Tried and True Method for Premium Report Writing Service in Step by Step Detail There are online businesses, such as academic writers Bureau, which provide the chance for writers to delight in a steady stream of work. In place of providing a transcript for your readers, you must make general points and after that give a couple of specific examples to clarify the ideas. The service is provided by writers who focus on a selection of subjects. You don't should compensate quite as much here when you pay back once you use yet another writing articles internet support. It's inevitable to modify your mind, thus, your report is always subject to change following your very first draft. Don't forget to do a comprehensive review And last but not least, you should don't forget that errors within a report are a huge no-no. If you're looking for custom report writing that gets top grades, the important th ing is to opt for the writer which is best qualified to complete it. Proofreading the finished report is indeed essential because it assists the writer to spot a few of the mistakes they might have made. Although there aren't any exact rules about how to draft your reports, you need to make sure the elements included are of relevance. You can begin by grouping all the appropriate information together so that you're able to form chapters or sections. Though reports may have different structures, there are a few things you need to think about in order to create or go for an effective report format. You will be supplied with a lot of report templates over here. You may also be certain your. Basic Report writing format will assure you that you won't ever experience any hustle in completing your report because it will supply you with the arrangements you must follow. Reports which are more upward or downward with respect to movement in the hierarchy of an organization is referr ed to as a vertical report. An additional way to find far better understanding on writing a conclusion in report writing format for a project is only to search an excellent report to acquire a valuable idea. Therefore, if you realize that there is a specific bit of information that's a lot more important than the rest, then it's best that you put it at the exact top of the report so that readers will have the ability to experience that first. You may want to present your report in an easy and concise style that isn't difficult to read and navigate. Keeping a few important points in mind, you can compose a skilled and perfect small business report. Acquiring certified overview writing assistance isn't a difficult undertaking however you should receive aid from a dependable small business enterprise which might ultimately enable you to as a replacement for squandering your time and energy. Our homework writing service is the best that you can find and we've noticed our regular customers cannot get enough of us. If you need assistance with your homework, just call us and we'll always be present to aid you finish your homework. Writing a report involves a similar procedure, and it may seem much more intimidating than making a home out of Legos. The introduction sets the scene for your whole report. As you ultimately wish to present your report in an exhaustive and logical way, it's important to remember what your audience would like to see in your report. Basically, the whole description and explanation of the method utilized for researching about the topic of the report needs to be included. A report is a kind of writing that is systematic, organized, and frequently attempts to define or analyze an issue or a function. No matter what type of report that you need to make, there's always likely to be a normal format that you're likely to need to follow. Any problems or limitations in the reach of the report needs to be identified, and a description of research techniques, the parameters of the research and any crucial background history needs to be included. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Premium Report Writing Service Is Wrong Custom writing service is going to do its very best to satisfy the requirements and expectations of even the most demanding clients. In the present corporate world, reports play an important function. If you are searching for a cheap writing service, you're ready to come across the proper assistance here and purchase a well-organized customized book report that will enhance your. You may be interested in service report examples. Report writing is regarded as a secondary task when implementing development projects. Whether it's a very simple project report or a lengthy dissertation, writing is just a single portion of the job. The goal of each kind of writing also differs. Writing homework papers is crucial. Premium Report Writing Service You might also like Consulting Reports. Report writing tips are easily obtainable on the web. The Ultimate Premium Report Writing Service Trick Because there are way too many companies where you could purchase book reports, here we evaluated a number of the most well-known ones. To acquire the limelight your report must appear nice, and if you're the boss, then you also must be ideal before your juniors to set an example with the right working style via your selection of the skilled templates. If you would like to get high excellent research and thesis papers punctually and for an affordable price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. If you ought to be searching for expert paper services which are writing you've visited a best location! The aims and goals of the report ought to be explained in detail. The details about the aims and goals of the report has to be thoroughly discussed in the introduction. Essentially, a report is a brief, sharp, concise document that's written for a specific purpose and audience. A proposal report is a document presented to spell out how one organization can satisfy the requirements of a different organization. What About Premium Report Writing Service? All you need to do is stick with all the facts that you've been in a position to gather and set it to the report. To continue to keep your report organized and simple to understand, there's a specific format to follow. The arrangement on the details which may be included in the report might be rather fundamental. A report is intended to lead people throughout the info in a structured way, but also to allow them to discover the info they want quickly and easily. When you compose a training file, include basic formatting components so the data is readily absorbed. After you are clear about the aim of your report, you want to start to gather relevant details. As soon as you fully understand the entire intention of your report, you are now able to begin gathering pertinent info about your t opic.

The Three Cups of Tea Essay Topic

The Three Cups of Tea Essay TopicWhen writing a three cups of tea essay, it is crucial to be unique in the way you present the information. This essay topic may require that you incorporate statistics and facts in your ideas. There are many ways to do this, which means there are also many ways that you will not get to do in order to make your essay unique.Some people have studied the history of certain types of tea and the effects they have on their bodies. For example, black tea has been shown to improve blood circulation and lower cholesterol while green tea is known to improve the body's antioxidant levels.There are many different areas to cover in your essay topics. The following paragraphs discuss the different points you should discuss each type of tea.The first article of tea is black tea. It was named for the color of the leaves the tree was named after. The leaves contain chemical substances known as tannins. Tannins were originally used by people as insecticides, however, t hese days they are often added to the tea in order to make it sweeter and fresher tasting.Heavier teas tend to be healthier. This may be due to the fact that the tea contains antioxidants that help in fighting free radicals.Teas with the Chinese character for green contain a smaller amount of caffeine than most other types of tea. Some claim that green tea helps to prevent cancer. However, the results of this research are still being researched.If you are looking for tea that is less sweet, then choose the dark green tea. It has very little caffeine and the compounds that give it its taste are mostly found in the tannins. Although, studies have shown that this tea can help to control cholesterol levels, it is not yet known if it is harmful to the heart.Essay topics on tea have many different varieties. The key to successfully creating an essay that deals with tea is to have some knowledge of each type of tea.

The Do This, Get That Guide On College Essay Why This College

The Do This, Get That Guide On College Essay Why This College Find a means to explain why this particular college within this particular city calls to you. If, because of a time crunch, you wind up playing a level of college application Mad Libs, at least make certain you play it flawlessly. The admissions teams are interested in finding authenticity and caliber of thinking. At the close of the day, colleges wish to accept someone who's going to graduate, be effective in the world and have the university related to that success. As an example, saying you need to visit a school because it's a research university in a large city isn't a really compelling reason alone. At the close of the day, however, Rawlins wants students to be aware that the personal essay is simply another bit of the bigger puzzle. Demonstrated interest is a must in the modern competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. Show the readers that you've spent an appreciable period of time considering how you fit in the institution and the way you intend to contribute to campus life. So for those who have an essay assigned that you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. Why essays can be hard since they can quickly veer into incredibly generic territory. Your essay should be unique to you. 1 important thing that you ought to do when writing your essay is to allow it to be personal. Who knew essay writing may be so tough. You're able to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. It's therefore important to cautiously consider different college essay topics. In some instances, the college will supply an essay topic for you. College Essay Why This College for Dummies An applicant should say something which's different. This is a great revision. Even in the event the deadline is actually tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. This isn't always true, there may be exceptions. College Essay Why This College Ideas Write in your voice and be sincere of what you're saying. Now you've got to sift through all your notes to discover the three to five things that genuinely speak to you. By learning how to take things apart and critique, you will also learn to compose the statements better. It is crucial to be aware that a few of these statements might be using prompts that are no longer accepted by colleges. T op College Essay Why This College Choices Mention by name particular classes, professors, clubs and activities that you're excited to be a component of. At length, you wish to solidify the relation to the school by citing specific opportunities they can provide. Instead, tell the school why this info is critical, and the way you will benefit from it. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it could help to understand you're a sure thing. College Essay Why This College Options You will love our work. Now things started to get really intriguing. It will provide you with something to consider. This something shouldn't be shallow and non-specific. The Argument About College Essay Why This College Possessing an overall structure for all your essays is fine, but attempt to prevent playing the fill-in-the-blank game. Let it feel like you're really passionate about what you're writing about. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in s upplying a very clear direction throughout the whole essay. In the end, you would like to be sure this essay complements the remainder of your application by reaffirming your core strengths and passions. What to Expect From College Essay Why This College? It might sound as a chore, and it'll certainly take a substantial sum of work. Once you locate a topic you want, sit down and write for one hour or so. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. Finally, since the remainder of my application clearly demonstrates, music is a significant part my life. The Awful Secret of College Essay Why This College Southwest delivers many financial alternatives and scholarships for students. Along with just science, I'm drawn to State University for different factors. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal location for me, it is the sole location for me . Schools don't need to read they have top-notch professors. Colleges always want to learn why you could be interested in attending their school. Students will acquire more bonus points if they can think of a sensible and appropriate way they can help that professor's innovative research. If this professor has a specific body of work that is intriguing and connects to the student's educational and-or career goals then it might be worth mentioning. Stephen uses extremely comprehensive language to develop a visual scene that genuinely makes this experience come to life. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for each and every student.

The Basics Of A Sample Expository Essay

The Basics Of A Sample Expository EssayA sample expository essay is a great tool to help you create an essay that will be read by college level English students. These essays are also used by those who need to write a paper for a class but do not have time to spend writing the paper. These are good tools for students to use when working on their paper because they are very brief and should not be too long.A sample expository essay will be written in a way that is simple to understand. This way students can simply follow the instructions on how to complete the essay. A good way to achieve this is to look at a sample essay from the library or bookstore.When you choose a sample expository essay, it will be put together by a professional writer. You will be able to see examples of essay styles and how the writer is going to put these pieces together. The most important part of any essay is the introduction.It should always start off on a positive note and be very interesting. This will m ake the student want to read on and find out more about the topic. It is a great idea to spend some time writing a good introduction.It is also important to know how many points a word should have in order to make the information easier to understand for the student. Wordiness can make the essay less interesting to read for the reader. One way to fix this is to use fewer words.The essay will also include multiple options. It is important to let the student make choices. This will help make the essay more appealing to read and is better than just allowing the student to decide what is said.When you select a sample expository essay, you may find that there are a lot of different choices available. It is also important to know which ones are the best choices. It will be hard to figure out this if you only see the essay once.The next step is to get an essay with a good amount of points and a good amount of experience. An experienced essay will help the student write a better essay. Make sure that the essay is very comprehensive and that you choose one that has been completed before.

British Airways Management Analysis Essay Example

British Airways Management Analysis Essay This report will focus on the current economic crisis and the effect it has had upon British Airways. The passenger figures at London Heathrow, Gatwick, Standsted and other major airports have dropped by 7. 4 per cent last year compared to 2008. (Telegraph, 2009) Moreover, many different surveys have shown that people are now more reluctant to travel to foreign destinations for holiday. Moreover, the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) announced that only 216. 8 million travelers were registered in 2009, the lowest figures since 2004, and the experts believe that the figures will continue to drop for the foreseeable future. BBC , 2010) These official figures paint a gloomy future for the aviation industry and most airlines. Indeed, the current economic crisis has taken no hostage, and British Airways (â€Å"BA†) is not an exception; in fact, they have faced more adversities than other airlines. This report will show what strategies BA has conjured up to survive the recession and co mpete against low cost airlines such as Easyjet and Ryan Air, who have actually somewhat benefitted from the recent economic crisis. 2. Methodology (-is that ok to use â€Å"we† instead of â€Å"I†? This paper will first be looking at how British Airways, Easyjet and Ryanair performed before the recession. This will highlight the impact the recession has had on these airlines. We will be looking at their history and financial performance before circa 2008, collecting data from articles published by the airline industry which are available from the internet. To bring to light the impact the recent economic crisis has had, we will look at their financial performance for the last two years. As we compare their performances, we will how much the British Airways suffered, in contrast to low budget airlines such as Easyjet and Ryanair, who have somewhat benefitted from the economic downturn. The strategies adopted by British Airways to survive the economic crisis and compete against low budget airlines will be looked at individually. We will assess why British Airways were prompted to use these methods. This paper will then consider strategies adopted by other airlines to survive the recent economic downturn. This will give us an indication of whether the strategies implemented by British Airways will succeed or help it to regain their position as the â€Å"world’s favourite airline†. In conclusion, this report will discuss the repercussions of the strategies and its financial outcome, and whether British Airways should maintain its existing business approach or adapt to the current crisis on a more permanent basis, perhaps similar to that of Easyjet and Ryanair. 3. Short History 3. 1 British Airways British Airways is the national airline of Britain. It is a premium airline, possessing over 340 aircrafts and travelling to over 160 destinations. We will write a custom essay sample on British Airways Management Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on British Airways Management Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on British Airways Management Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company’s main centres of operation are London Heathrow Airport and London Gatwick Airport. The company was founded in 1972, when the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA) managements were combined under the newly formed  British Airways Board, effectively making it the national airline for the United Kingdom (BA, 1) BA enjoyed great success during the 1980s and early 1990s, and as a result, became the worlds most profitable airline for the most part of the 1990s, representing itself under the slogan The Worlds Favourite Airline. BA, 1) 3. 2 Easyjet Easyjet is a popular low cost airline, which was established in 1995  . The company started extremely modestly, possessing a meager two aircrafts, and travelled only domestically. However, the company gained popularity in the years that followed, and on April 1996, and started travelling internationally, choosing Amsterdam as its first international destination. (Easyjet, 1) Despite its modest start, Easyjet still managed to grow into one of the most popular airlines in the world. Its current slogan reflects its status (â€Å"the webs favourite airline) and as its popularity grew, so did the number of aircrafts under its name, amounting to 174 operating aircrafts as of March 2010, with 54 more in order. (Gerry, 2009) 3. 3 Ryanair Ryanair, similar to Easyjet, started their business providing only domestic air travels. The company was founded in 1985, its primary objective being breaking the then duopoly of British Airways and Aer Lingus on London to Republic of Ireland flights. Its initial success allowed the company to expand its business by adding a second flight route; Dublin to Luton International Airport. Ryanair, 1) The company, however, did not enjoy any financial success until Michael O’Leary took over as the CEO in 1991. The new CEO strived to implement a quick turn-around times for aircraft, get rid of â€Å"business† class seat and unifying the models of all the aircrafts. This proved to be a success, leading the company to spend over $2bn for new aircrafts in 1998. (Thomas M. , Kent B, 2005) The company acted quickly to the increasing popularity of online booking, and launched its website in 2000, allowing passengers to buy and confirm their flights online. This method proved immensely popular as more than 75% of all bookings were all made online in 2001. (Ryanair, 1) 4. Prior to the recession 4. 1 British Airways British Airways enjoyed great financial success during the early and mid-1990s. Their profit figure was very impressive and they constantly expanded, making them one of the largest airlines in the world in terms of revenue, passenger numbers and number of aircrafts possessed. However, their short lived success was met with despair during the late 1990s and early 2000s, they faced financial difficulties and other obstacles to success. BA, 1) As the company started searching for other ways to expand during the early 1990s, they appointed Robert Ayling as the CEO of the company in 1993. The move seemed wise at the time considering the experience and achievement of the new CEO prior to the appointment. However, BA dropped profits of 84 % in 1999 compared to the previous year. The company had to replace the CEO and drastically alte r its management structure. The problem seemed solved until the company suffered financially once more due to the 9/11 attack in United States. In response to these events, on September 2005, a new CEO was appointed. Under the management of the new CEO, Will Walsh, BA underwent several changes and on January 2008, the company revealed OpenSkies, a new subsidiary. The primary objective of launching a new subsidiary despite its weak financial stability was to  take advantage of the liberalisation of transatlantic traffic rights, and flies non-stop between major European cities and the United States. These efforts, however, did not lift BA from its financial difficulties (BA, 1) Further succession of unfortunate events plagued BA, including the current recession, forcing it to resort to desperate measures, including sell its stake in Qantas on 8 September 2008. 4. 2 Easyjet Since its establishment, Easyjet grew exponentially, enjoying great financial success along the way. As a result, it became floated on the London Stock Exchange in November 2000. (BBC 2006) The main ingredients of its success included expanding its base to locations in continental Europe, and taking advantage of the growing demand for low cost airlines from passengers. Table 1 below shows its financial performance for the past 9 years. TABLE 1. EASYJET FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE |Year |Total revenue(? m) |Profit before |Passengers (millions) |Return on equity (%) |Cash flow from | | | |tax-underlying(? m) | | |operations (? m) | |2008 |2,363 |123 |43. 7 |6. 8 |292 | |2007 |1,787 |191 |37. |14. 3% |261 | |2006 |1,620 |129 |33. 0 |10. 1% |222 | |2005 |1,341 |83 |29. 6 |7. 1% |221 | |2004 |1,091. 0 |62. 2 |24. 3 |5. 3 |160. 5 | |2003 |931. 8 |51. 5 |20. |4. 4 |77. 2 | |2002 |551. 8 |71. 6 |11. 4 |9. 4 |84. 2 | |2001 |356. 9 |40. 1 |7. 1 |22. 1 |83. 4 | (Source: Easyjet. 2 Reports and Accounts) Its continuing financial success led to the purchase of GB Airways on October 2007, helping Easyet yet once again, expand its operations and establish a base at Manchester. Easyjet 3) 4. 3 Ryanair After launching its website, Ryanair enjoyed a great financial success, leading to the following events 1. Making an order of 100 new  Boeing 737-800  series aircraft ( 2003) 2. Acquiring a once rival low cost airline  Buzz  from  KLM. (2003) 3. Increasing the number of its bases to from 2 to 11 in less than 10 years. (2004) 4. Making an order of 70 new  Boeing 737-800  series aircraft to meet the demands of its passengers (2005) During 2004, most low cost airlines suffered financially including Ryanair, and it reported a loss for the second quarter of 2004. However, unlike most other low cost airlines, it managed to recover rather quickly and post an impressive profit in the next financial year. Indeed, Ryanairs passenger numbers constantly grew by up to 25% a year for most of 2000s. To demonstrate what this means in terms of numbers, Ryanair initially only carried just under 700,000 passengers annually, however, the passenger figures in 2003 showed an astonishing figure of 21. 4 million. The company owed its success to its constant addition of new routes and new bases around Europe. By the end of mid 2000, Ryanair was one of the largest airlines in terms of number of carriers specializing in European flights, carrying more passengers than the once â€Å"World’s Favourite Airline† British Airways for European flights. (Ryanair 1) 5. Recession and Airline Industry 5. 1 Impact of recession on the airline industry The current economic crisis has had an impact on virtually all types of businesses, including the airline industry. In fact, it has affected the airline industry more so than most other industries due to it being a very competitive market. (William B n. d) From 2008 to the beginning of the current year, 9 airlines, including Japan Airlines the once sixth largest airline by passenger numbers in the world, have filed for bankruptcy, mostly due to the current recession. Considering that only 12 airlines filed for bankruptcy from 1989 to 2007, the number of bankrupt airlines is alarming and reflects that fact that the recent times is definitely unfavourable for the airline industry. (Chris I, 2008) Table 1. 2 shows the airlines reaction to the current recession. Table 1. 2 IATA’s revised forecasts for global air transport volumes [pic] (IATA forecasts 2008 – 2013) 5. Impact of recession on British Airways 5. 2. 1. Financial Performance The most obvious effect the recession has made on British Airways is the decline in the company’s net profit figure. Table 1. 3 shows how badly the company has been effect during recent times. Table 1. 3 British Airways Financial Performance 1996-2009 |Year Ended 31 March |Total revenue( ? m) |Profit before |Profit and loss after tax (? |Passengers (millions) | | | |tax-underlying(? m) |m) | | |2009 8,992 |(401) |(358) |33,117,000 | |2008 |8,758 |922 |726 |33,161,000 | |2007 |8,492 |611 |438 |33,068,000 | |2006 |8,212 |616 |464 |32,432,000 | |2005 |7,770 |513 |392 |35,717,000 | |2004 |7,560 |230 |130 |36,103,000 | |2003 |7,688 |135 |72 |38,019,000 | |2002 |8,340 |(200) |(142) |40,004,000 | |2001 |9,278 |160 |114 |36,221,000 | |2000 |8,940 |5 |(21) |36,346,000 | (Source : British Airways â€Å"Annual Report and Accounts†) Table 1. 3 shows how British airways was enjoying a constant growth in their profit for 6 years straight from 2003, however, there was a steep decline in its profitability during 2009, roughly when the current economic crisis began to severely impact the industry. 5. 2. 2. Other impacts 5. 2. 2. 1 Work-for-nothing proposal The financial strain caused by the current recession had put on the company led to other disastrous events. In June 2009, BA asked its employees to work without pay for a minimum of 4 weeks amongst other favours. (BBC 2009) Colleagues are being urged to help the airlines cash-saving drive by signing up for unpaid leave or unpaid work. From tomorrow, people will be able to opt for blocks of unpaid leave or unpaid work, with salary deductions spread over three to six months, wherever possible. – extract from BAs in-house magazine under the headline Action Time The work-for-nothing offer was presented by and at the same, accepted by Willie Walsh, the CEO of British Airways and Keith Williams, the chief financial officer, who promised to work for nothing for the month of July 2009. In spite of this, Unite refused to accept the not-so-enticing offer, They believed that the CEO, who received a salary of ? 35,000 a year, which is astronomically more than other employees, could afford to work for nothing for a month, but your average BA cabin crew, who only receives an annual salary of ? 29,900, accor ding to the Civil Aviation Authority, cannot afford to do so (BBC 2009) Willie Walsh can afford to work for nothing, our members cant, – Unite Spokesman However, the events that followed the announcement of the work-for-nothing plea shocked the airline industry even more. Contrary to the expectation of many critics, numerous BA workers volunteered to accept the offer, and started to work for free for a month. (BBC 2009) 5. 2. 2. 2 Impact on tariff growth Table 1. shows the changes in tariff growth for First Class/Business and Economy passengers between January 2007 and January 2009. It presents a sharp decrease in both traffic, from January 2008 to January 2009. A striking point is that the recession affected the activities of premium business travellers and non-premium such as holiday makers. Table 1. 4 Tariff growth by ticket type [pic] (Source: IATA http://www. iata. org). Furthermore, BA initiated an extra ‘rich tax’ for its premium class passengers (First, C lub World, World Traveller Plus and Club Europe class passengers) to combat the soaring fuel price, adding an extra ? 48 to a return long haul flight. However, Analysts warned that the rich tax might backfire to their customers, even though it has absolutely no effect on economy class passengers. (Mail Online, 2008) 5. 2. 2. 3 Troubles with its employees The current recession has not helped British Airways develop a good relationship with its employees; in fact, it has made it worse than ever. Furthermore, the recession has caused tension between the cabin crew and pilots of British Airways. Two trade unions are mainly used by the workers, including pilots, of British Airways. These are BALPA, UK’s largest trade union for pilots, and Unite, the trade union used by cabin crews and other employees who are not pilots. The tension between British Airways continuously escalated due to irreconcilable differences and demands from both sides. The escalation reached its peak on March 2010, when the employees who were members of the trade union, Unite, organised a walkout. British Airways considered this unacceptable and as a result, stripped the workers involved in the walkout with their travel benefits. With both sides taking hits, they came to the conclusion that a deal must be made. However, in response to the stripping of the travel perks, the members of Unite demanded that before a deal is agreed, BA must reinstate the travel perks back to the striking employees. Unsurprisingly, this was refused and Unite officials have declared further strikes after 14 April 2010. There are currently no peaces scheduled, and various prominent figures have tried to intervene to find a solution agreeable by both sides, including the current prime minister, Gordon Brown (Guardian 2010) The members of Unite picketed outside of London Heathrow Airport and again planned other 3 days strike after negotiations did not work but strikers seemed not happy for a second walkout. The Unite insisted to negotiate with BA again, the CEO of BA, Willie Walsh said that the company has made a loss of ? 7m a day. The estimated cost of strike action by cabin crew last month is between ? 40m and ? 45m (Mail Online 2010) However, BA was not unprepared for the walkout. Their contingency plans allowed more than 65 percents passengers to reach to their destinations with 1,157 staff working. Only few flights were cancelled and BA was confident that they could handle the passengers at weekends of March. But the Unite Union made a contrasting announcement, stating that only a few of BA normal flights take off and a half of plans grounded (Chloe B,2010) By the recent strike in 2010, BA has had their brand image damaged and Willie Walsh, chief executive, apologising to their passengers for the situation. Indeed, the financial aspects of British Airways were not the only victim of the current recession. 5. 3. The Impacts of recession on Ryanair and Easyjet As mentioned before, the recession had a somewhat favourable effect on low cost airlines such as Easyjet and Ryanair. It has increased its number of passengers and had a positive or insignificant impact on its financial statements. I shall discuss each section separately below. 5. 3. 1 The Passenger Number Growths Table 1. 5 provides information regarding the growth in number of customers for British Airways, Ryanair and Easy Jet. Unsurprisingly, British Airways has experienced a negative growth whilst Easyjet and Ryanair have enjoyed a positive one, albeit being a smaller figure than before the recession. Table 1. Growth in passenger numbers [pic] (Source: CAPA, 2009, www. centreforaviation. com) The figures in the chart suggest that whilst all three airlines have experienced a negative impact from the recession, the biggest victim is British Airways. Moreover, even the growth rate is declined overall for Ryanair and Easyjet, the fact that they are still experiencing a positive growth suggests that more and more people are still switching to low cost airlines. 5. 3. 3 Financial Impact Table 1. 5 describes the new traffic number of Ryanair and Easyjet in August 2009. Table 1. 6 Traffic number for Ryanair and Easyjet [pic] [pic] (Source: CAPA, 2009, www. entreforaviation. com) Table 1. 5 illustrates that both airlines have increased the number of passengers carried during August 2009. This good news prompted Michael O’Leary, the CEO of Ryanair, to predict that only four European airlines would survive from the recession: British airways, Air France, Lufthansa and Ryan Air. Added to that, he expected that this downturn could help the Ryanair improve its market position and shares by meeting the needs of passengers with its low price strategy. (Telegraph, 2009) However, it must be noted that the current recession has had no negative impact on the financial performance of both Easyjet and Ryanair. The increased fuel price has forced Ryanair, who refuses to increases its price to its customers, resorted to other earnings: they planned to purchases 50 cheap aircrafts from declining airways and start flying to the new routes which will be the cities of the United State from London Stansted airport and Island Dublin airport. Michael O’Leary stated that We’ll just have to keep flying more aircraft, opening up more routes and offering people more cheap flights, (Jack, 2008) 6. The Strategies implemented by British Airways 6. 1 Strategies implemented to compete against Easyjet and Ryanair As mentioned above, British Airways have suffered financially and passenger number wise due to the current recession. On the other hand, it seems obvious that low cost airlines have suffered far less, and gained some positive aspects during the recent economic crisis. As a result, British Airways have implemented several tactics to combat against these airlines, in an attempt to keep its market share and survive the economic crisis they are facing currently. 6. 1. 1 Merger with Iberia Although British Airways is one of the largest airlines in the world, it still maintained that it could expand further. As a result, BA proposed a merger with Iberia, an ailing Spanish Airline, which is needs to be approved by the European Commission. A preliminary agreement was made before the end of 2009 between Iberia and British Airways. It was believed at the time that if the merger between the two carriers, indeed does go ahead, it will create one of the largest airlines in terms of revenue. (BBC, 2009) On 8 April 2010, an agreement to merge between British Airways and Iberia was announced and it was decided that the newly merged company will be known as  International Airlines Group, although both airlines will continue to operate under their current brands. (BBC, 2010) The merger was met with enthusiasm by both parties, with Willie Walsh announcing that the merger will create a strong European airline well able to compete in the 21st Century,† adding that both airlines will retain their brands and heritage while achieving significant synergies as a combined force. (Willie Walsh, 2010) After the merger, the combined operation would possess 419 aircraft operating to more than 200 separate destinations, and would save the two partners 400m Euros ($594m; ? 358m) in costs a year, according to their preliminary calculation and expectation. (BBC, 2010) The main aim of the merger was to increase its dominance and increase its market share. Although only time would tell, reaction from competitors regarding the news reflected how the merger would affect other airlines. For example, Virgin Airlines announced that the merger will increase BAs dominance at Heathrow with 44% of take-off and landing slots this winter. (BBC, 2010) 6. 1. 2 Ending Business Class on Short-Haul flights Due to the declining popularity of BA’s business class, Willie Walsh has practically put a stop on European business-class travel, saying that the service is proving to be too costly, and that it may harm their chance of surviving the recession. With other companies looking to cut their budgets in order to survive the current economic crisis, BA has decided that the added expense of flying rich businessmen in a slightly larger seats for one or two-hour journeys has become unsustainable and not profitable. (David R, 2010) As seen in Table 1. 5, There has seen a sharp drop in business-class passengers, most of them occurring in short-haul flights. These travelers have either traded down to the economy cabin or moved to budget carriers instead, for example Ryanair. BA is understood to be reviewing its European operations, and as a result, premium seats could be removed from planes operating out of Gatwick and regional airports such as Manchester. In a statement to deal with the issue, â€Å"short-haul premium will never recover. That part of the business has changed for ever and we have to address it†. However, BA has plans to continue providing premium class in short-haul flights operating from Heathrow, to take advantage of business-class transfer traffic. (Martin R, 2010) Although on the face of it, this strategic move seems like a way to combat he rising costs, however, its real intent is to combat low cost airlines, who, although provides business class seats, accentuates the benefits of their economy class seats. 6. 1. 3 Barclaycard promotion British Airways understood that most of their customers booked their flig hts with credit cards. As a result, they saw Barclaycard, UK’s largest credit card provider, as a viable business partner. As a result, British Airways implemented a promotion with the Barclaycard; customers booking their flights via Barclaycard would allow them to earn air miles, which could be used to purchase British airways products or receive free flights. (BA, 2) 6. 1. 4 Voluntary redundancy scheme British Airways announced a voluntary redundancy scheme during the early part of the current recession, stating that almost 300 staff would leave the airline by the end of May 2009. The announcement was expectedly met with hostility with its workers. The scheme was designed to meet some demand for redundancy in some parts of the business and where it was possible to release people and not replace them. The departures, largely in administration and support roles, are the latest cost-cutting measure by the airline, which is facing increasingly weaker demand for flights, particularly for its more lucrative business and first-class seats, and is in addition to about 450 managers that left the company in December 2008. A spokeswoman for BA said the airline was pleased with the take-up of the scheme, with staff numbers in line with expectations. Workers will get about three weeks pay for every year they have been with the airline. The redundancies followed BA’s announcement to sell 11 of its 15 Boeing 757 aircraft, to be replaced by Airbus A320s, in order to cut costs and be more environmentally friendly. (Times Online, 2010) 6. 1. 5 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) During the latter part of 2009, British Airways announced that it will use Progress Software as part of its program to transform passenger and airport systems. BA expressed its intention to use SOA solutions as a key part of its travel program to upgrade its IT systems. This is expected to last until the end of 2014 and change the way BA provides service by integrating over 600 different electronic systems and processes involved in getting the passengers to their destinations. Gordon Penfold, the CTO of Progress Software, the American company who invented the SOA program, explained that â€Å"with 300 locations around the globe, 25,000 users and more than 250 key applications, BAs goal is to transform the travel experience. The flexibility of the Progress SOA portfolio allows BA to extend the features of its e-commerce site right through to its airports, by allowing greater self-service functionality and plug and play capability. † The result, according to Penfold, is to drive an agile business where rollout is easier, and cost and time are reduced. British Airways believed that providing just low cost seats to its passengers will not help them beat low cost airlines, but reducing the travelling time will make them the natural choice for air travelling. (Angelica M, 2009) 6. 1. 6 Seat Selection On September 2009, British Airways have started charging their passengers if they wish to choose their seats when they reserve. The new charges will affect people who want to ensure they sit together on a flight and anyone with a preference for window, aisle or emergency exit seats Currently, British Airways allows passengers to select their preferred seats free of charge within the 24 hours prior to departure. However from October 7 2009, passengers would have to reach into their pockets if they wish to secure their preferred spot in the cabin when they make a booking. A spokesperson announced that this would give customers more control over their seating options. For an economy class trip within Europe, passengers will pay an extra ? 10 per person to choose a seat. On long-haul economy or short flights in business class the charge will be ? 20, and ? 60 in business class on long-haul voyages. The plan followed the airlines decision to cut luggage allowances and abolish free meals on short flights. However, the plan was met with some ridicule. Some argued that the move will undoubtedly tarnish BA’s brand image. However, the airline has defended the move and said it was giving customers peace of mind they could sit where they want while opening up new revenue streams. Also, they saw that low cost airlines, EasyJet, and Ryanair, had hidden charges which were written in small prints. These extra charges showed how much passengers had to pay for extras such as using a debit card and checking-in. According to their calculation, the â€Å"hidden charges† showed maximum extra charges of ? 375 and ? 79. 85 for Ryanair and Easyjet respectively. (James Q, 2009) 7. Recommendations As mentioned before, most airlines are suffering due to the recent economic downturn. Hence, they, too, have rethought about their current business situation and developed alternative methods. After much research, it seems as though British Airways, who has suffered more due to the current economic climate, has adopted more strategies than others. They have implemented cost-cutting, redundancy and cutting luxury on flight. However, one area where they may improve is focusing on auxiliary income. Focusing on Auxiliary Income The aviation industry companies have opportunities to earn auxiliary income: For example, they could charge for checked baggage, seat assignment, catering and even blankets and so on. Whilst for some airlines this additional income may be insignificant, however, other airlines have seen a dramatic increase in their auxiliary income. During the recent years, US airlines have collected more than US$ 670 million in baggage fees in the second quarter of this year, up some 276 percent from the year-earlier period (I-Net Bridge, 2009) In fact, speaking at the at the World Low Cost Airline aviation conference in Barcelona, Spain, Mango CEO Nico Bezuidenhout stated that; There are compelling reasons for airlines to take ancillary revenue opportunities very seriously, said Bezuidenhout, and airlines have an advantage: a base pre-qualified as having disposable income, an audience which has already illustrated a level of trust in the airlines own brand and, thirdly, knowledge of the consumers travel trends. Not only do airlines have substantial insight into who they carry, but air travel typically represents the first purchase activity in the overall travel procurement cycle, followed by destination content, hotels and cars bookings all of this serving to provide airlines with the ideal contextualised sales opportunity. † Recently, most airlines, not just low-cost airways, have started to focus on increasing their auxiliary income more than ever. British Airways is also adopting this method by charging fee for seat selection. However, perhaps they should consider increasing their additional income through other means as well. 8. Conclusion British Airways has undoubtedly suffered due to the current economic crisis. However, what makes the situation more painful is that low-cost airlines, such as Ryanair and Easyjet are surviving the economic downturn with relative ease, and have gained more passengers due to passengers preferring to travel cheaper than before, as seen above. Perhaps it would not be wise for British Airways to change their business way in order to combat the current recession. Many experts believe that the recession is coming to an end and that people will soon become more willing to spend more on luxuries such as air travelling. On the other hand, there are economists who believe that the recession will last longer than anyone is expecting, and that is businesses do not adapt to the new environment, they will inevitably cease to trade. The wisest strategic movement British Airways could implement would be to shift their attitude towards low cost airlines, taking in what is working for them and utilising it to their benefit, whilst at the same time, constantly improving their strengths such as providing excellent service to their customers. Arguably, low cost airlines have increased their attraction level to consumers in recent years, and British Airways must take this into account. A detailed Porter’s Five Forces analysis, complimented with a SWOT analysis could direct British Airways to the correct way forward. With all industries, it is always vital to constantly monitor their business environment and adapt to it. By carefully analysing their environment, they can decide which strategy will benefit them. They should recognise the opportunities and threats present and wisely use their strengths and weaknesses to their advantage. British Airways must do the same. Based on the strategies currently adopted or announced by British Airways, it appears as though they are horizontally expanding. Perhaps this is the correct way to go, especially since the strategy allows economies of scales. However, constant evolution of the company’s management and business style must be approved if British Airways expects to survive not only the current recession, but against large number of competitors.